The book consists of 10 chapters and presents a vast enough material on the general theory of statistics – from some historical excursus, elementary statistics up to certain elements of probability theory, regression analysis and correlation analysis, analysis of variational and time series, elements of index method, and a discussion of software for statistical data analysis. The restricted size of the book has not allowed to represent the considered problems of the course with identical completeness. Meanwhile, in a whole series of cases, the original mathematical solutions also are presented. The basic theses of the given material are illustrated by the corresponding exercises and examples, whose study we consider as an indispensable at a conscientious preparation of the reader for examinations. The contents of the book in context of its chapters and sections can be presented as follows, namely:: Chapter 1. Subject and method of statistical science Chapter 2. Elements of the probability theory Chapter 3. Fundamentals of statistical observation Chapter 4. Grouping, consolidated return and data presentation Chapter 5. Absolute and relative statistical quantities Chapter 6. Basics of averages method Chapter 7. Elements of analysis of variational series Chapter 8. Elements of time series analysis Chapter 9. Elements of the index method Chapter 10. Computer means of statistical data analysis