The exhibition " The Influence of the First Russian Revolution on the Development of the Working - class Movement in Romania (1905-1907)", opened at the Party History Museum in Bucharest, reflects one of the most important periods in the history of the working-class movement in Romania.

A number of documents and diagrams describe the social and economic situation of Romania at the beginning of the 20th century. Numerous documents displayed at the exhibition illustrate the solidarity of Romanian workers with the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat and peasantry of Russia. Among these documents, for example, is the appeal of the Romynia Munchitoare ("Workers ' Romania") circle, which calls on the workers of Bucharest to take part in a meeting of solidarity with the Russian proletariat on January 24, 1905. "Everywhere today we can hear the mighty cry' Down with Tsarism! ' thundering. The exhibition also features a single issue of the newspaper " Down with Despotism!", published on January 24, 1905, which denounced the tsarist terror. In solidarity with the Russian revolutionaries, the Romanian working class protested against the tsarist repressions. Such a protest, for example, was published on February 24, 1905 in Iasi against the arrest of the revolutionary writer M. Gorky.

The exhibition contains interesting documents about the uprising on the battleship Potemkin and about the stay of the Potemkin people in Romania. It shows the reports of the Constanta Port Command, where the Potemkin is anchored, as well as the orders of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in connection with this event. These documents show that the Romanian authorities were greatly frightened by the powerful response of the Romanian masses to the revolutionary events in Russia. Other exhibits show how enthusiastically and lovingly Romanian workers greeted the arrival of Russian sailors in Constanta, expressing their solidarity with the Russian revolution.

In February 1905, it was established in Romania.

the first trade union is the carpenters ' trade union. At the exhibition, you can see the minutes of the founding meeting of this trade union, at which the charter was adopted, which defined the purpose of the trade union: "To promote the class struggle of the entire proletariat for the elimination of exploitation in any form."

An important event was the resumption on March 5, 1905, of the publication of the newspaper Romynia Munchitoare, the only newspaper that consistently defended the interests of the working class.

The organization of trade unions and the appearance of the Rabochaya gazeta led to an increase in the level of struggle for the economic and political demands of the working class. Several documents of the exhibition reflect the first Romanian workers ' conference, which was held in 1906 and was an important step in the development of the organized labor movement.

In 1906, the scope of the strike movement increased significantly, and the number of strikes reached fifty. Exhibits show the unfolding of the general strike in Timisoara, the strike of 7,000 miners in the city of Petroshan, which was suppressed in blood by the gendarmerie and police, the first strike of women workers in tobacco factories, the strike of dockworkers in the port of Galac and others.

Visitors of the exhibition can get acquainted with the materials of the July working conference. In the reports of I. K. Frimu and Al. Constantinescu stressed the need to create an independent political organization of the working class along with trade unions.

In those years, the workers ' movement in Romania was led by Stefan Gheorghiu, I. K. Frimu and Al. Constantinescu. Stefan Gheorghiu was extremely popular among the workers. A number of documents displayed at the exhibition reflect the scale of the protest movement against the arrest of Stefan Gheorghiu. There are also articles by Stefan Gheorghiu published in the newspaper "Romynia Munchitoare" and calling on workers to form trade unions. "The trade union," Stefan Gheorghiu pointed out,"is a proletarian fortress."

The history of the struggle of the peasantry for bread and freedom is illustrated in the exhibition with numerous photographs and documents. The pamphlet "Forty Years of poverty, Slavery and Shame", published in 1906 by the circle "Romynia Munchitoare", presented at the exhibition, reveals the poverty and suffering endured by the peasantry. The diagrams show that more than 34% of the peasants were completely deprived of land, while the landlords, who made up only 0.5% of the rural population, owned almost 4 million hectares of land.

A special map shows where the peasant uprisings took place, what kind of revolutionary flame the whole country was engulfed in, but spontaneous peasant uprisings, devoid of firm leadership and a clear goal, were suppressed in blood.

The only class that could support the revolutionary struggle of the peasantry and lead it to victory was the working class, but in the working-class movement of that time two lines appeared in relation to the peasant uprising. The opportunists led by Gerya considered the peasantry to be a" reactionary " class of small proprietors, with whom the working class should not unite. The revolutionary leaders of the workers ' movement, led by Stefan Gheorghiu and Al. Constantinescu advocated supporting peasant uprisings. In some cities, despite the opportunist leadership of the social democrats, the workers spontaneously expressed their solidarity with the rebellious peasants. The prefect of Suceava County, in a telegram that is on display at the exhibition, informed the Ministry of the Interior about the release of a group of arrested peasants by railway workers. The manifesto of the Socialist group "To soldiers called up for re-training and reservists" indicates that "the duty of the worker and peasant, dressed in state uniforms, is never to shoot at their brothers, sisters, relatives or parents, never to direct bullets into the hearts of oppressed peasants."

The peasant uprisings, as well as the revolts of the working class in 1905 and 1907, were an important factor in the development of the revolutionary movement in Romania.

The large number of visitors to the exhibition attests to the great interest of workers in the history of the first Russian Revolution and the revolutionary events of 1905 - 1907 in Romania.

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Автор(ы) публикации - S. CHERNYA, I. ARDELEANU:

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