Libmonster ID: RU-17257
Автор(ы) публикации: Irina SOKOLOVA

by Irina SOKOLOVA, Head of the Department for Storage of Funds of the Vologda State Historico-Architectural and Arts Museum-Reserve (Vologda)

The numismatic collection of the Vologda State Historico-Architectural and Arts Museum-Reserve comprises about 95,000 items. This is one of the most valuable collections of our museum (after the archeological collection). It consists of treasures, single coins, paper money, securities, service medals and decorations, tokens, signs and even simple badges.

стр. 86

WHY IS IT INTERESTING?

The numismatic collection of our museum is famous for being formed of mostly local funds and for its local lore character. Some of its elements have been deeply studied and carefully described (first of all, it relates to the treasures of Russian coins of the 16th-17th centuries), but most items are, unfortunately, out of scientific circulation.

We'd like to get readers acquainted with two oldest numismatic sets from the collection: the first one is the House of Peter, which made part of the depository of the Vologda State Museum from the moment of its establishment in March 1923; the second set was collected by the Right Reverend (title of bishop-head of a large eparchy, subordinated to the metropolitan.-Ed.) Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767-1837), which became part of the museum in November 1924.

These two collections were not a random choice. And the case is not only that these very collections were laid as a foundation of the numismatic fund of the Vologda Museum. They are the oldest collections formed already in the 19th century. At the same time, they are a bright example representing development of the collecting art in the Vologda Region from the first private collections to the first museum as a depository of antiquities.

Thus, the fashion of collecting (including numismatics) came to Russia from Europe in the period of reforms initiated by Peter I. It is a known fact that the Emperor (1672-1725) and some of his associates (for example, Prince Alexander Menshikov (1673-1729)) were keen collectors of antiquities. From the second half of the 18th century the collecting art becomes more and more popular in our country, first of all, in big cities-St. Petersburg*

See: Zh. Alferov, E. Tropp, "St. Petersburg-Russia's Window on Science", Science in Russia, No. 3, 2003.-Ed.

and Moscow. As for the province (in particular, Vologda), it joins in much later. It became a mass phenomenon in Vologda only in the end of the 19th century.

BOLKHOVITINOV'S COLLECTION

The first numismatic collection of our museum is associated with the name of the abovementioned Right Reverend Yevgeny, in the world-Yevfimy Bolkhovitinov. He was a prominent figure not only in the history of the Orthodox Church, but also in the history of the Russian State of those times: he was an industrious, well-educated person, a real encyclopedist. His works on the history of church, paleography (auxiliary discipline studying the history of writing.-Ed.), law history, numismatics and linguistics were published in periodicals and as separate books of that period.

From January 24, 1808, to June 29, 1813, the Right Reverend Yevgeny (Bolkhovitinov) ran the Vologda eparchy. According to Vyacheslav Koshelev, Dr. Sc. (Philol.), a well-known Novgorod historian, member of the RF Union of Writers, writer-Pushkinist, the period of his life in Vologda "was one of the most fruitful". At that time he planned to write The History of Monasteries of Graeco-Russian Church, a foreword to it and The Description of Monasteries of Vologda Eparchy. He wrote works in linguistics (On Proper Names of Russian Slavs), works in ethnography (On Different Types of Oaths of Russian Slavs), archeology (On the Ancient Artifacts of the Zyryansky Family from Vologda). He used to visit monasteries, put archives in order and copied inscriptions; he also ordered to deliver valuable historical materials to the metropolitan's house.

Bolkhovitinov was welcomed in the circle of the famous collector of ancient artifacts of those times Count Nikolai Rumyantsev (1754-1826)-he made part

стр. 87

of the so-called "Rumyantsev Circle"*-and was formed as a collector under the influence of his associates from St. Petersburg. The renowned historian, writer, arche-ologist Mikhail Pogodin, Academician of St. Petersburg AS from 1841, admired Bolkhovitinov and characterized him as "one of the greatest collectors ever. He never took things for himself. He found things, put them in order, marked them, designating where, what and how they were found."

The collection of ancient coins and decorations kept in our town is one of the results of his efforts as a collector. When Bolkhovitinov left Vologda, he presented it to the library of a seminary where it was kept till December 1918, after which it was transferred to the Vologda Soviet Public Library. In November 1924 employees of the library transferred it to a newly established Vologda

*Rumyantsev Circle-a community of historians, archeographers, philologists, joining hands in St. Petersburg around the patron, lover of antiquities, collector of books and manuscripts Count Nikolai Rumyantsev.-Ed.

State Museum. Unfortunately, the transfer act has not been preserved and we can assess the first collection only by the Systematic Catalog of the Fundamental Library of the Vologda Seminary and the Inventory Book of Artifact Collections of the Historical Department, Letter Β of the Vologda Museum related to the late 19th-early 20th centuries.

The Systematic Catalog contains a description of the library books followed by the Numismatics section with a list of coins and decorations of the seminary Münze-study*. Thanks to the notes to the catalog, we managed to identify a part of the collection that belonged to Bolkhovitinov. We learnt that on May 22, 1812, the Right Reverend Yevgeny donated 39 copper coins of the times of the Roman Empire (1st-4th cent. A.D.), including the money circulating during the rule of Roman emperors Trajan (98-117), Antoninus Pius (138-161), Marcus

Münze-study (from German Münze-a coin)-a room, where coins and medals are collected.-Ed.

стр. 88

Aurelius (121-180), and Diocletianus (245-313); a big silver medal (1718) in honor of the Swedish King Carl XII, two English gold coins of the time of George III-1788 and 1798, 25 foreign silver and copper coins of 1666-1801, 340 Russian silver and copper coins of different denominations of the 16th-18th centuries, and 5 national medals-in honor of coronation of Catherine II in Moscow (1729-1796)*, the victory in the Battle of Kagul** (1770), signing of the peace treaty with Sweden (1790), in honor of the coronation of the Emperor Alexander I in Moscow (1777-1825), and a token of the Imperial Russian Academy*** with the monogram of Catherine II.

The other part of the seminary Münze-study (3 foreign coins and 46 Russian medals of the second half of the 18th century), according to the note in the Systematic Catalog, was purchased at the Vologda Religious Consistory on July 11, 1813, i.e. soon after the Right Reverend Yevgeny left for Kaluga. However, according to Nikolai Suvorov (1816-1896), a famous local historian, regional ethnographer, and a forefather of historical source studies, this part of the collection is also attributed to Bolk-hovitinov: in December 1815 the Right Reverend Yevgeny asked him to send him a silver medal of 1789 kept in the Münze-study. "For Courage in the Battle in the

See: L. Mankova, "Golden Age of Sciences...", Science in Russia, No. 2, 2004.-Ed.

** The Battle of Kagul-one of the key battles of Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774, which took place in 1770, on the Kagul river.-Ed.

*** Imperial Russian Academy, Russian Academy-established by the Empress Catherine II and her associate princess Dashkova in

1783 the center for studies of Russian language and literature in St. Petersburg.-Ed.

Finnish Waters"-according to the catalogue it was purchased on July 11, 1813. The seminary gave the following answer: since "all decorations kept in the seminary library had been donated by the Right Reverend Yevgeny, according to his will, we agree to return this medal to him and exclude it from the list."

Thus, we can come to the following conclusion: the entire numismatic collection described in the Systematic Catalog, except for the medal "In Memory of the Reunion between the Uniat and Orthodox Church", released later, was collected by Bolkhovitinov during his stay in Vologda.

According to the Inventory Book with Letter B, in 1924, when the collection was transferred to our museum, it consisted of 558 items. The main part of the collection was represented by coins-510 items (1 gold, 420 silver and 89 copper coins), including 39 ancient Roman, 39 Western European and 432 Russian ones. Besides, there were 48 medals (40 silver and 8-made of non-precious metal). After comparison of data published in the Systematic Catalog and the Inventory Book, we can be sure that for the period of time between these two documents, the numismatic collection of the seminary library expanded so that it ceased to be a private collection of Bolkhovitinov. For example, the Systematic Catalog contained data on 300 national coins of the 16-17th centuries, while the Inventory Book already counted 398 items. It turned out that the Bolkhovitinov collection, when transferred to the museum, was expanded by 98 coins from the archeological section of the seminary library. In addition, 10 copper coins from Western European countries of the 18-19th centuries

стр. 89

and 7 national medals of the same period, 9 of which could not have any relation to the collection of the Right Reverend Yevgeny, since dated 1820-1860, were also included into the collection. The existence of decorations and coins of the later period proves: the collection of the Münze-study of the seminary library was expanded with new artifacts after Bolkhovitinov had left. And the absence of articles made of precious metals and paucity of the later part of the collection proves that the seminary did not allocate funds to replenish the collection-it was expanded casually, perhaps, due to donations or contributions made by seminary teachers and seminarists.

SOVIET PERIOD OF THE BOLKHOVITINOV COLLECTION

Since 1924 the Bolkhovitinov collection has changed greatly: only its fifth part has been preserved till now.

On July 27, 1930, the RSFSR People's Comissariat of Education issued Instructions to Museums on the Disposal of Numismatic Funds, stating that "Due to a large scale restructuring of the local lore museums, preservation of

стр. 90

numismatic collections of general value is no longer essential". According to the instructions, local museums were allowed to keep only one copy of all coins and decorations. "Surpluses" had to be transferred to the State Historical Museum* within a month, after which they were sold through the Soviet Philatelic Association**.

To meet requirements of the document, the Vologda Museum sent 994 articles (945 coins and 49 medals), including 398 coins and 29 medals from the Bolkhovi-tinov collection, to the Historical Museum. Different "cleanings" of the museum numismatic funds under the veil of "exemption of articles of other than museum

See: V. Yegorov, "Treasure-House of Russian History", Science in Russia, No. 5, 2004.-Ed.

** The Soviet Philatelic Association under the Commission of All-Russia Central Executive Committee was established to organize and handle the fund named after V. Lenin to help homeless children on October 25, 1926.-Ed.

value" were carried out later too, but they were not so comprehensive. At present, the Bolkhovitinov numismatic collection consists of 108 artifacts: 90 coins and 18 medals.

NUMISMATIC COLLECTION OF THE HOUSE OF PETER I MUSEUM

Another numismatic collection that was formed after the Bolkhovitinov collection is associated with the House of Peter 1 museum.

What we mean here is a small building constructed in the late 17th century by the Dutch merchant Ivan Gut-man, where the Emperor Peter I stayed during one of his visits to the city. It was the first museum established in the Vologda Province on June 5, 1885. Before the revolution of 1917, it was managed by the Vologda Province Council; later on it was transferred to the Vologda

стр. 91

Society of Studies of Northern Territory*. In March 1923 it made part of the Vologda United Museum. As of the moment of its opening, the museum collection included over 500 artifacts. All of them were exhibited to museum visitors.

In 1887, the Kirshbaum Printing House in St. Petersburg published the book House of Peter I the Great in Vologda. In addition to the historical note on the creation of the museum, it presented the Description of the Historical Corner of the City of Vologda and a Museum There with specification of all exhibits. According to this book, the most part of the museum funds was composed of the numismatic collection under consideration. It is true that on the basis of the published data, we cannot

* Vologda Society of Studies of Northern Territory-research association of scientists and students of local lore, history and economy of the Vologda Province, established on April 12, 1909.-Ed.

count its quantity-over 454 items (in some cases several articles were registered under one number or an exact number of coins was not specified).

It is worth pointing out that in the archives of the museum for 1923-1924, there has been preserved a small handwritten certificate without signature and date, compiled, perhaps, by Ivan Tyurnin, Head of the Historical and Social Department of the Vologda United Museum that occupied the Peter's House at that time: "The House of Peter I Museum. Established in 1885. The exhibits and collections are mostly historical, archeo-logical and numismatic. The exhibits were donated by different people and entities, mainly in the first years after the establishment of the museum...".

According to the Inventory Book of Artifact Collections of the Historical Department. Letter B, by the 1920s, the numismatic collection counted 598 items, i.e. it

стр. 92

increased only by 144 artifacts for 40 years. It turned out that the numismatic collection in the House of Peter I formed as a separate complex by the late 19th century. As for the content of the collection, it was highly diversified: coins of the time of the rule of the Great Prince of Moscow Vasily II the Blind (1415-1462) to the coronation ruble (issued on May 15, 1883 by St. Petersburg Mint) of the Emperor Alexander III (1845-1894)*, numerous silver and bronze medals issued to commemorate different events of the rule of Peter I up to the late 19th century. There one can also see "different tokens made in honor of the enthronement and decease of royal family members", and a group of foreign coins-ancient, West-European coins of the 16-19th centuries and some Eastern artifacts.

REPLENISHMENT OF THE COLLECTION OF THE "HOUSE OF PETER I"

The issue associated with the sources of replenishment of collections of all types has always been considered highly interesting. For example, the records kept at the Museum-Reserve say that the articles received from the Peter's House are "from the former Peter's House". At first sight, everything is absolutely clear. However, the collections were created by particular people. Who are they?

It turned out that answers to the raised questions are hard to find. In the pre-revolutionary publications related to the museum, there is only information on the objects, which got to the museum due to the sympathetic people residing in Vologda and neighboring provinces.

According to the handwritten certificate from the archives for 1923-1924, "the exhibits were donated by

See: O. Barkovets, A. Krylova, "The Thirteenth Emperor-Thirteen Years on the Throne", Science in Russia, No. 1, 1995.-Ed.

different persons and establishments". The only thing we can rely on today is an extract from the minutes of the regular meeting of the Vologda Province Council of February 13, 1886: "Following the proposal put forward by the Chairman, the Council expressed its gratitude to Pavel Loshchilov for his participation in the arrangement of the house, Alexander Volkov for his participation in the arrangement of the house and financial support. The Meeting accepted with gratitude a donation of an unknown person, and thanked Alexander Mezha-kov for beautiful artifacts and old books, and Dmitry Rakov for rare coins that replenished the numismatic collection." The above list of famous Vologda noblemen and merchants should be extended with the first curator of the Peter's House Dmitry Volotsky, who was a leader of the local nobility-it was his idea to purchase the ancient building in 1872 at the expense of the district council to establish a museum there.

This is a brief history of two first numismatic collections that laid a foundation for the numismatic fund of the Vologda State Museum-Reserve. They can serve as an example of development of the collection art in the Vologda Territory: from private to museum collections, from simple collecting to scientific research.


© libmonster.ru

Постоянный адрес данной публикации:

https://libmonster.ru/m/articles/view/FROM-THE-HISTORY-OF-VOLOGDA-NUMISMATICS

Похожие публикации: LРоссия LWorld Y G


Публикатор:

Россия ОнлайнКонтакты и другие материалы (статьи, фото, файлы и пр.)

Официальная страница автора на Либмонстре: https://libmonster.ru/Libmonster

Искать материалы публикатора в системах: Либмонстр (весь мир)GoogleYandex

Постоянная ссылка для научных работ (для цитирования):

Irina SOKOLOVA, FROM THE HISTORY OF VOLOGDA NUMISMATICS // Москва: Либмонстр Россия (LIBMONSTER.RU). Дата обновления: 08.11.2021. URL: https://libmonster.ru/m/articles/view/FROM-THE-HISTORY-OF-VOLOGDA-NUMISMATICS (дата обращения: 28.03.2024).

Найденный поисковым роботом источник:


Автор(ы) публикации - Irina SOKOLOVA:

Irina SOKOLOVA → другие работы, поиск: Либмонстр - РоссияЛибмонстр - мирGoogleYandex

Комментарии:



Рецензии авторов-профессионалов
Сортировка: 
Показывать по: 
 
  • Комментариев пока нет
Похожие темы
Публикатор
Россия Онлайн
Москва, Россия
191 просмотров рейтинг
08.11.2021 (871 дней(я) назад)
0 подписчиков
Рейтинг
0 голос(а,ов)
Похожие статьи
ЛЕТОПИСЬ РОССИЙСКО-ТУРЕЦКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
Каталог: Политология 
5 часов(а) назад · от Zakhar Prilepin
Стихи, находки, древние поделки
Каталог: Разное 
ЦИТАТИ З ВОСЬМИКНИЖЖЯ В РАННІХ ДАВНЬОРУСЬКИХ ЛІТОПИСАХ, АБО ЯК ЗМІНЮЄТЬСЯ СМИСЛ ІСТОРИЧНИХ ПОВІДОМЛЕНЬ
Каталог: История 
3 дней(я) назад · от Zakhar Prilepin
Туристы едут, жилье дорожает, Солнце - бесплатное
Каталог: Экономика 
4 дней(я) назад · от Россия Онлайн
ТУРЦИЯ: МАРАФОН НА ПУТИ В ЕВРОПУ
Каталог: Политология 
5 дней(я) назад · от Zakhar Prilepin
ТУРЕЦКИЙ ТЕАТР И РУССКОЕ ТЕАТРАЛЬНОЕ ИСКУССТВО
7 дней(я) назад · от Zakhar Prilepin
Произведём расчёт виртуального нейтронного астрономического объекта значением размера 〖1m〗^3. Найдём скрытые сущности частиц, энергии и массы. Найдём квантовые значения нейтронного ядра. Найдём энергию удержания нейтрона в этом объекте, которая является энергией удержания нейтронных ядер, астрономических объектов. Рассмотрим физику распада нейтронного ядра. Уточним образование зоны распада ядра и зоны синтеза ядра. Каким образом эти зоны регулируют скорость излучения нейтронов из ядра. Как образуется материя ядра элементов, которая является своеобразной “шубой” любого астрономического объекта. Эта материя является видимой частью Вселенной.
Каталог: Физика 
8 дней(я) назад · от Владимир Груздов
Стихи, находки, артефакты
Каталог: Разное 
8 дней(я) назад · от Денис Николайчиков
ГОД КИНО В РОССИЙСКО-ЯПОНСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ
8 дней(я) назад · от Вадим Казаков
Несправедливо! Кощунственно! Мерзко! Тема: Сколько россиян считают себя счастливыми и чего им не хватает? По данным опроса ФОМ РФ, 38% граждан РФ чувствуют себя счастливыми. 5% - не чувствуют себя счастливыми. Статистическая погрешность 3,5 %. (Радио Спутник, 19.03.2024, Встречаем Зарю. 07:04 мск, из 114 мин >31:42-53:40
Каталог: История 
9 дней(я) назад · от Анатолий Дмитриев

Новые публикации:

Популярные у читателей:

Новинки из других стран:

LIBMONSTER.RU - Цифровая библиотека России

Создайте свою авторскую коллекцию статей, книг, авторских работ, биографий, фотодокументов, файлов. Сохраните навсегда своё авторское Наследие в цифровом виде. Нажмите сюда, чтобы зарегистрироваться в качестве автора.
Партнёры библиотеки
FROM THE HISTORY OF VOLOGDA NUMISMATICS
 

Контакты редакции
Чат авторов: RU LIVE: Мы в соцсетях:

О проекте · Новости · Реклама

Либмонстр Россия ® Все права защищены.
2014-2024, LIBMONSTER.RU - составная часть международной библиотечной сети Либмонстр (открыть карту)
Сохраняя наследие России


LIBMONSTER NETWORK ОДИН МИР - ОДНА БИБЛИОТЕКА

Россия Беларусь Украина Казахстан Молдова Таджикистан Эстония Россия-2 Беларусь-2
США-Великобритания Швеция Сербия

Создавайте и храните на Либмонстре свою авторскую коллекцию: статьи, книги, исследования. Либмонстр распространит Ваши труды по всему миру (через сеть филиалов, библиотеки-партнеры, поисковики, соцсети). Вы сможете делиться ссылкой на свой профиль с коллегами, учениками, читателями и другими заинтересованными лицами, чтобы ознакомить их со своим авторским наследием. После регистрации в Вашем распоряжении - более 100 инструментов для создания собственной авторской коллекции. Это бесплатно: так было, так есть и так будет всегда.

Скачать приложение для Android