Late 1920. The Republic of Soviets, having won a series of victories in the struggle against the external and internal enemies of the socialist revolution, was able to begin peaceful work, focusing mainly on economic tasks. The Eighth All-Russian Congress of Soviets called on the working people "to exert their will, their skill, and their strength to improve industry, transport, and the organization of agriculture."1 In order to encourage "groups of working people and individual citizens who have shown special independence, initiative, diligence and organization on the economic front," the Congress decided to establish an honorary award of the Republic - the Order of the Red Banner of Labor .2 The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee discussed the approximate text of the certificate to be presented to the awardees, and on March 24, 1921, adopted a decree on the procedure for awarding this order .3 The first paragraph of the decree stated that the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee would set up a five-member commission consisting of members of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions to consider awarding issues. In the following paragraphs, it was noted that the application for awarding is initiated by the collegiums of People's commissariats, as well as the All-Union Central Electoral Commission, if there is information about the activities and labor exploits of individuals and collectives submitted for awarding.

April 25, 1921 The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee passes the first decree on awarding the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR. The list of awardees was opened by teams of four factories that showed heroism on the labor front during the Civil War, among them-the famous Tula gunsmiths. On February 16, 1922, the order was awarded to the Dagestani Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic for "the greatest energy and cohesive work shown by the republic's workers to dig an irrigation canal with a length of about 50 versts by the local population in the order of crowded subbotniks" 4 . On September 19, 1922, water workers of the Astrakhan region were awarded the award for successful performance of ship repair works and transportation tasks. On the same day, the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory also becomes an order-bearer. Its staff was awarded for outstanding achievements in the field of radio engineering. On May 10, 1923, the workers and engineers of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly were awarded a high award for their achievements. A little later, on November 19, 1923, an honorary award was awarded to the heroic work of Sevastopol workers who repaired the cruiser Komintern (ex. "Memory of Mercury"). The participants of the meeting of the shipyard workers, held on January 17, 1923, after a report on the importance of the Red Fleet, adopted a resolution: "To make every effort to complete the repair of the cruiser "Memory of Mercury" as soon as possible, and all workers should remember that each released naval unit guarantees the well-being of all citizens of the Republic, both materially and politically our country's sustainability"5 . The workers made a commitment to complete the repairs by the May Day holiday, which significantly reduced the planned time frame. The technical condition of the cruiser was very unsatisfactory: guns and control devices, the main part of electrical equipment-

1 "Collection of Laws and Regulations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of the RSFSR "(SU), 1920, No. 1, Article 7.

2 Ibid. In 1923-1932, Orders of the Red Banner of Labor were also established in other Soviet republics. On September 7, 1928, the All-Union Order of the Red Banner of Labor was established, and since 1933, the awarding of labor orders of the Union republics has ceased; previously issued orders have remained in force.

3 SU, 1921, N 31, p. 167.

4 TsGAOR USSR, f. 1235, op. 39, d. 85, l. 48 ob.

5 Ibid., op. 40, d. 55, l. 300.

page 198
There was no technical equipment; the cylinders of the main engines were blown up by the interventionists. The People's Commissariat for Maritime Affairs, presenting a note on the heroic work of the Sevastopol workers, wrote to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee that the workers, who were aware of the need to create Red Fleet ships on the Black Sea, at least by restoring the old ones, set to work with great energy and perseverance. "Chronic interruptions in the supply of credits, rations, uniforms in 1922 had little effect on the production of work on the cruiser: each new day tirelessly brought the cruiser closer to the end of work. Along the way, the ship under repair had to be used as a training vessel, because schools were already beginning to train new specialists, but there were no ships for their sea training. Despite all the difficulties, the ship came to life, and at the moment there is a cruiser on the Black Sea flying the flag of the Soviet Republic. " 6 On May 1, 1923, the cruiser put to sea.

On March 2, 1925, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was awarded to the team of the Sormovo dredging unit. Under unfavorable weather conditions, which was also accompanied by diseases of malaria and typhus among the workers, the team performed a large amount of work: they removed 56 thousand cubic meters of land. Tambov railway workers showed real labor heroism. They not only increased labor productivity and significantly increased the output of repaired cars, but also created a new system based on the scientific organization of labor for their repair, which made it possible to significantly reduce the downtime of cars. In Tambov workshops, cars were repaired within five days, while in the entire railway network-on average in 24 days. The Board of the People's Commissariat of Railways wrote on March 16, 1926. in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: "Taking into account that the achievements of Tambov car workshops were the result of a special system of work adopted in their production, and taking into account that the effect that took place in production could only be obtained with a general recovery and a conscious attitude to the repair work of all the production workers involved in it, - the Central Railway Transport Department For its part, it petitions for the award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor to the Tambov wagon Workshops of the Ryazan-Ural Railway, as a separate independent production unit, which stands out very well among the repair points of the railway network of the Union of Republics for its achievements on the labor front in restoring railway transport. " 7 Tambov residents soon received joyful news: On April 5, 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee awarded railway workshops with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. At the general meeting of workers and employees of the Tambov node held on April 22, a laconic resolution was adopted: "Having heard the information about the award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the node assembly considers, without stopping at the achievements that take place in the workshops, to continue the work of restoring the national economy. On the other hand, other services should follow the example of Tambov car workshops in raising labor productivity. " 8
Among the groups awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in the 1920s is the Taganrog Tannery. Moscow, Borisoglebskaya, Krasnodar fire guards, Novorossiysk and Feodosia ports. On April 23, 1926, the Lensovet petitioned the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: "April 30 marks the 125th anniversary of Krasny Putilovets . The history of "Krasny Putilovets" is connected with the history of the Russian Revolution. In the most difficult moments, the Putilov workers gave their best forces to the revolution. The Putilov factory was and remains the pride not only of the Leningrad proletariat, but of the entire world proletariat. The Presidium of the Leningrad Soviet considers it necessary to celebrate this glorious anniversary and requests that the Krasny Putilovets plant be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. " 9 The request was not ignored: on April 29, 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee granted the request of the Leningrad City Council to award the Red Putilovets . On October 8, 1928, the order-bearing depot of the Sortirovochnaya station of the Moscow-Kazan Railway became the order-bearing depot. The depot staff initiated communist subbotniks in our country in 1919. V. I. Lenin highly appreciated the initiative of the depot, writing a special article

6 Ibid., p. 309.

7 Ibid., op. 136, d. 24, l. 26.

8 Ibid., l. 1.

9 Ibid., 28, ll. 8-9.

page 199
"The Great initiative". The depot staff worked communistically in the following years. On August 1, 1928, the Presidium of the Moscow City Council petitioned the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. "Subbotniks," it said, " have gone down in the history of the hard but victorious struggle of the working class for its emancipation as a monument to the great proletarian upsurge and as a symbol of the future work of the proletariat in building the state of free labor. Considering that in this matter a great contribution to the Revolution belongs to the workers of the depot of art. "Sortirovochnaya" of the Moscow-Kazan railway, which first organized subbotniks in 1919 to repair locomotives for military trains and grain transports, and thus initiated the labor unity of the working class to protect the revolution, - The Moscow Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Central Executive Committee petitions the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee to award depot art. "Sortirovochnaya" of the Moscow-Kazan railway with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor " 10 .

The meeting of the depot staff on the occasion of receiving a high award was very crowded. Its participants in the greeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee stated :" We assure the All-Russian Central Executive Committee that we will stand as firmly in defense of the interests of the Soviet government as we have stood up to now. During the difficult years of the civil war, famine and devastation, we fought resolutely against the devastation of transport and managed to restore our destroyed production... We will further increase labor productivity and labor discipline in our ranks. We will devote all our strength and energy to strengthening Soviet power, to strengthening the power of the world's first workers 'state." 11
Many of the best people in the country were awarded the honorary award. Nikita Menchukov, a peasant from the village of Chigirinki, Bykhovsky Uyezd, Gomel region, was the first to be awarded on July 28, 1921 for selfless protection of the state structure from ice drift .12 Among the holders of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR are the builders of the Petropavlovsk - Kokchetav railway line I. A. Tomchuk, L. I. Ilyin; workers who showed consciousness and high labor productivity during the restoration of the Ural industry, M. I. Vizgalov, V. E. Goryunov, I. N. Golovin and others, engineers and scientists. In November 1923, F. P. Kazantsev was awarded for outstanding innovation proposals. Even before the revolution, he, a driver of the Tashkent Railway, began work on improving the brakes of railway trains, but he was able to bring it to practical results only under the Soviet regime. The republic provided assistance to a talented innovator. F. E. Dzerzhinsky, People's Commissar of Railways, wrote to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: "In the whole invention of T. Kazantsevfrom the general scheme to the execution of individual parts - a strict logical approach to eliminating the shortcomings of existing brake systems, good design execution and, finally, hard, persistent work in achieving the task at hand is shown. All this, taken together, gives grounds, on the initiative of the Presidium of the Central Committee of Railway Workers, to apply for the award of Comrade. Kazantsev with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor " 13 .

On November 19, 1923, by the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR is awarded to the oldest aviator B. I. Rossiysky 14 . A little later, the award was awarded to the outstanding aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, a well-known theorist in the field of hydro and aerodynamics S. A. Chaplygin, and many other prominent scientists were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR. Among them are radiologist M. I. Nemenov, soil scientist V. R. Vilyame, director of the Institute of Labor A. K. Gastev. At the end of 1925. The Kozlovsky Uyezd Commission for the celebration of the 50th anniversary of I. V. Michurin's scientific activity appealed to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with a petition to celebrate his scientific feat. The request was supported by the Gubernia Executive Committee, the All-Russian Professional Union of Land and Forest Workers, and the All-Russian Union of Agricultural Unions. On January 11, 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to award the scientist with the highest distinction for that time, established for outstanding workers on the labor front. "Rewarding Michurin's perseverance, energy and zealous performance of duty. The workers 'and peasants' Government sets this activity as an example to other workers in the vast field of the national economy of the Republic, so that the ranks of conscious, selfless fighters for the great cause of strengthening and developing the communist system will expand and multiply every day. " 15
10 Ibid., d. 34, l. 14.

11 Ibid., l. 3.

12 Ibid., 19, l. 2.

13 Ibid., op. 40, d. 55, l. 502.

14 Ibid., p. 277.

15 Ibid., op. 136, d. 1269, l. 8.

page 200
All-Russian Central Executive Committee, presented to the scientist at a solemn meeting on the occasion of his half-century of scientific activity. In a solemn atmosphere, the order and diploma were presented to the village teacher T. I. Shumilovskaya. She was awarded on February 8, 1926, for almost half a century of cultural and educational work in the village of Zakamelye, Suzdal district, Vladimir Province. By 1925, illiteracy among residents under the age of 50 was completely eliminated in the village. On January 21, 1927, Fyodor Fedulov, one of the founders of the State Darwin Museum and the largest taxidermist in Europe, became a Knight of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In the republic, new names of holders of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR soon became known: the crew of the icebreaker Litke, the builders of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant. On March 11, 1929, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was awarded to N. K. Krupskaya, a friend and associate of Ilyich Lenin, on the occasion of his 60th birthday.

The pioneers of Turksib were also highly honored. The construction of the Turksib was fraught with enormous difficulties related to the delivery of building materials, labor shortages, and the provision of food and basic necessities to workers. However, Turksib was completed a year ahead of schedule. The Government decree of April 19, 1930 states:: "Success in the construction of Turksib was achieved thanks to the enthusiasm and creative energy of the working masses and engineering forces. Noting the great importance of the urgent opening of the Turksib for the entire national economy, the great achievements in its construction, as well as the merits of the workers and engineering forces directly building the Turksib, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR decide: for the special energy shown in the construction of the Turksib, to award the Order of the Red Banner of Labor to the entire construction team of the workers and engineering forces of the Turksib"17 . The republic also awarded an honorary award to the builders of one of the first giants of the socialist industry who had particularly distinguished themselves. On June 7, 1931, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded to the workers of Stalingradskaya GRES for early completion of construction. The honorary award was also presented to the construction manager S. Z. Erman for "outstanding energy in organizing and rallying the entire working team, as well as for skillful and firm operational management of the construction" 18 .

From 1921 to 1932, inclusive, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was awarded to 43 workers ' collectives (including twice, in 1921 and 1928, the award was awarded to the labor of employees of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory) and 115 active participants in socialist construction .19 Since 1928, workers, collective farmers, and intellectuals have been awarded the All-Union Order of the Red Banner of Labor. All of them are united by selfless and hard work for the further development of the national economy and the building of a socialist society in our country.

16 Ibid., d. 1033, l. 1. In 1936, by a decree of the Central Election Commission of the USSR, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR, issued by N. K. Krupskaya, was replaced by the All-Union one.

17 Ibid., d. 40, l. 57 vol.

18 Ibid., d. 19, l. 11.

19 Ibid., ll. 1-11.

page 201

Постоянный адрес данной публикации: