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Курс лекций II. Спин частицы в процессах движения. Часть А. Lecture Course II. The spin of the particle in the processes of movement. Part A.



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Курс лекций II. Спин частицы в процессах движения. Часть А. Lecture Course II. The spin of the particle in the processes of movement. Part A. // Moscow: Libmonster Russia (LIBMONSTER.RU). Updated: 23.12.2019 . URL: https://libmonster.ru/m/book/download/59/4140 (date of access: 18.02.2025 )

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 В настоящих лекциях в простой форме излагается материал, направленный на более ясное понимание современных экспериментов, связанных со спином частицы.В лекциях рассматривается подход Дирака к преобразованию уже существовавшего волнового уравнения (нестационарного уравнения Шредингера). Этот подход состоял в том, что обновленное уравнение движения должно было стать симметричным по отношению к временной и пространственной координатам. Подобные изменения диктовались требованием преобразований Лоренца, согласно которым время следует считать равнозначным пространству. С этой целью Дирак так видоизменил гамильтониан, что пространственные производные входили в него линейно, подобно тому, как вела себя временная производная. Сконструированное таким образом волновое уравнение стало релятивистски инвариантным (из-за симметричности) и, следовательно, согласовалось с теорией относительности, а также удовлетворяло (из-за линейности) общепринятым квантовомеханическим критериям. На этом пути теоретических преобразований и возникли знаменитые матрицы Дирака: α (векторная) и β (скалярная). Курс лекций II является продолжением представленного на этом сайте Курса лекций I, а также опубликованных ранее его глав и учебного пособия (вып. 2) аналогичного содержания. 

The present lecture course is aimed at providing a clear explanation of modern experiments related to the spin of the particle. The lectures consider the Dirac approach to the transformation of the existing wave equation (nonstationary Schrödinger equation). This approach required that the transformed equation be symmetrical to the time and spatial coordinates. Such transformations were induced by the demands of the Lorentz ones, according to which time is considered equal to space. For this purpose, Dirac transformed the Hamiltonian in such a way that the spatial derivatives became linear, similar to the way the time derivatives behaved. The wave equation, constructed in this manner, became relativistically invariant (due to its symmetry), and, consequently, agreed with the relativity theory, as well as met the terms (due to its linearity) of the conventional quantum-mechanical criteria. Along with these transformations, appeared the famous Dirac matrices: α (vector) и β (scalar) ones. Lecture Course II is a continuation and a considerable extension of Lecture Course I (also presented on this site), and its earlier version, published in parts and then as Online Tutorial, Issue 2. 

Opening Paragraph

Сейчас основная наша задача состоит в том, чтобы обосновать плавный переход от нерелятивистской теории движения к релятивистской, чего еще не было сделано в предыдущих лекциях. Как известно, П. А. М. Дирак был главным создателем указанной релятивистской теории. Кроме того, ему до сих пор практически нет равного в простоте и ясности изложения этой теории, например, в знаменитой монографии «Основы квантовой механики».. В связи с этим мы возьмем за основу предложенный там же способ выразить уравнения движения в квантовой механике не только релятивистской, но и нерелятивистской.

Summary

В части А Курса лекций II рассматриваются следующие темы: стационарный и нестационарный формализм уравнения Шредингера; волновое уравнение Клейна–Гордона–Фока; переход от классической физики к преобразованиям Лоренца в теории Дирака.

Part A of Lecture Course II considers the following topics: stationary and nonstationary formalism of the Schrödinger equation; the Klein–Gordon–Fock equation; transition from classical physics to the Lorenz transformations in the Dirac theory.

 

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PUBLISHER
Анатолий Плавко
Санкт-Петербург, Russia
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Author(s)А.В. Плавко
Cover Type (if the book was published)Soft Copy
Number of Pages27
Date Published23.12.19
 
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Websitehttps://files.portalus.ru/files/1576829461.pdf
CountryRussia
CityСанкт-Петербург
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