Работа посвящена исследованиям пучков поляризованных протонов. В ней рассматривается неупругое рассеяние протонов и анализируется целый набор протонных спиновых наблюдаемых. Значительное внимание уделяется экспериментальным и расчетным параметрам Вольфенштейна (Wolfenstein) и их комбинациям в модели Блезински (Bleszynski et al).

The work is devoted to the study of polarized proton beams. It considers inelastic proton scattering and analyzes a whole set of proton spin observables. Considerable attention is paid to the experimental and calculated Wolfenstein parameters and their combinations in the Bleszynski model (Bleszynski et al).

The primary purpose of the review is to demonstrate that polarization-transfer coefficients and their combinations can provide one of the best ways to test spin-dependent NN amplitudes and evaluate the treatment of the observed effects in order to provide tentative explanations of the data. In theoretical methods, a matrix of amplitudes is usually obtained, for example, for the scattering of a beam of particles with spin 1/2 on a scatterer with spin 0. These can be expressed via decomposition into a certain number of matrices. If the principles of invariance are observed, such decomposition yields an expression with a set of independent scalar amplitudes. The latter are frequently referred to as the Wolfenstein parameters, after the author of a triple scattering analysis (L. Wolfenstein. Annu. Rev. Nucl.Sci. 1956. Vol. 6, p. 43).

A review is given of our present knowledge of different parametrization of experimental results in inelastic scattering process with polarized proton beams. Spin observables in inelastic scattering of polarized protons for a set of lightweight nuclei are studied at intermediate energies in the region of 100–500 MeV. Two important types of DWIA calculations are used in the analysis of experiments. Important spin observables representing the difference functions (P–A_y) and (P–A_y)σ are examined along with the polarization-transfer (spin-transfer) coefficients D_ij(D_NN, D_SS, D_LL, D_LS, and D_SL) in inelastic scattering of polarized protons. These spin observables are treated in the context of the exchange features of the effective interaction. The linear combinations D_K (or D_i) of the complete polarization-transfer observables D_ijin scattering under consideration at intermediate energies are demonstrated. A comparison between systematized, measured and calculated quantities of the combinations D_K and, partially, σD_K  for  the 1⁺ (T = 0 and T = 1) levels in ¹²C, for the  (T = 0 and T = 1) states in ¹⁶O, and for the  (T = 0 and T = 1) levels in ²⁸Si are reported. Particularities in angular distributions of transverse- and longitudinal-spin-transfer probabilities D_K for T = 0 and T = 1 unnatural-parity states in some nuclei are discussed. The spin-observable combinations D_lsallowed to differentiate reliably the strength of isoscalar and isovector spin-orbit interactions. The comparison of the experimental and calculated D_K for the 1⁺, T = 0 state in ¹²C with the use of zero-range treatment (LEA code) and exact finite-range calculations (DWBA-91 program) made it possible to identify the role of exchange contributions. Other observables are also considered for the same purposes.

Исследования предназначены прежде всего для экспериментаторов, работающих в области ядерных реакций средних и промежуточных энергий. Однако некоторые результаты могут быть также использованы в качестве приложений к многочисленным лекциям, опубликованным автором на этом сайте для студенческой аудитории.

The research is intended primarily for experimenters working in the field of nuclear reactions of medium and intermediate energies. However, some of the results can also be used as appendices to numerous lectures published by the author on this website for the student audience.